Modeling sequence scrambling and related phenomena in mixed-model assembly lines

In this paper we examine the various effects that workstations and repair loops with identical parallel processors and stochastic processing times have on the performance of a mixed-model assembly line. Of particular interest are issues related to sequence scrambling. In many production systems (especially those operating on just-in-time or in-line vehicle sequencing principles), the sequence of orders is selected carefully to optimize line efficiency while taking into account various line balancing and product spacing constraints. However, this sequence is often altered due to stochastic factors during production. This leads to significant economic consequences, due to either the degraded performance of the assembly line, or the added cost of restoring the sequence (via the use of systems such as mix banks or automated storage and retrieval systems). We develop analytical formulas to quantify both the extent of sequence scrambling caused by a station of the assembly line, and the effects of this scrambling on downstream performance. We also develop a detailed Markov chain model to analyze related issues regarding line stoppages and throughput. We demonstrate the usefulness of our methods on a range of illustrative numerical examples, and discuss the implications from a managerial point of view. Acknowledgements: This research was initiated during a visit by the first and second author to LAMSADE, supported by DIMACS as part of the DIMACS/LAMSADE Partnership Visits program. In addition, the second author has been funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)-2216 Research Fellowship Programme.